Most energy supplements treat the symptom (tiredness) without addressing the cause (deficiency, sleep debt, mitochondrial overload, thyroid). This guide walks the actual triage — what to rule out, what to take, and the difference between 'I need a coffee' and 'I need bloods done'.

Who this is for

If you wake unrested no matter how long you sleep; if afternoon energy crashes are routine; if you feel flatter than you did a year ago without a clear reason; if you've started reaching for caffeine to function rather than enjoy — this is for you.

Step zero: get bloods done

Before spending on supplements, spend on a blood test. The five panels worth running, with your GP:

• Ferritin (not just haemoglobin) — iron stores. The most common cause of unexplained fatigue in women under 50.
• Vitamin B12 and folate — particularly if you're vegetarian/vegan, over 60, or on metformin.
• Vitamin D (25-OH) — almost everyone in SA needs supplementation.
• TSH and free T4 — thyroid function. Hypothyroidism is the great impersonator.
• Glucose and HbA1c — early insulin resistance feels exactly like 'low energy'.

If anything's out of range, the supplement is the fix — but you wouldn't have known which one without the bloods.

The short version (after bloods)

• Iron bisglycinate if ferritin < 50 — the form matters; ferrous sulphate is a constipation factory.
• Methylcobalamin B12 sublingual if B12 < 400 — methylated form bypasses absorption issues.
• Vitamin D3 2000–4000 IU — see the immunity guide.
• CoQ10 100–200 mg — particularly if over 40 or on a statin.
• Magnesium 300–400 mg evening — energy production requires it.
• Rhodiola rosea 200–400 mg morning — if the issue is fatigue with stress.
• B-complex daily — supports all energy-producing pathways.

Iron — the most common miss

Haemoglobin can be 'normal' while ferritin (iron stores) is depleted. This is particularly common in menstruating women: many run ferritin in the 15–30 range while their GP says "your iron is fine" because haemoglobin is above 12. Optimal ferritin for energy is usually 70–100. Below 50, supplementation is worth trying.

Form matters. Ferrous sulphate (the cheapest, most common) causes constipation and gut upset in about a third of users. Iron bisglycinate (also sold as ferrous bisglycinate) is gentler and absorbs as well or better. Take with vitamin C to enhance absorption; away from coffee, tea, and calcium supplements, which inhibit it.

B12 — particularly if you're vegetarian or over 60

B12 is only found in animal products. Plant-based eaters need supplementation, no exceptions. The over-60s often have reduced stomach acid, which impairs B12 absorption — even meat-eaters can become deficient. Methylcobalamin is the bio-active form; sublingual tablets bypass any absorption issues. 1000 mcg daily for a month if levels are low, then maintenance at 500 mcg.

CoQ10 — for the mitochondria

CoQ10 is the molecule that shuttles electrons inside your mitochondria to produce ATP. Production declines from your mid-30s. Statins block CoQ10 synthesis as a side effect of how they work — anyone on a statin should consider CoQ10 supplementation as standard. 100 mg daily is a sensible baseline; 200 mg if statin-related fatigue is clear.

Ubiquinol (the reduced form) is better absorbed than ubiquinone (the oxidised form). Take with a fatty meal — it's fat-soluble.

Rhodiola — for stress-flavoured fatigue

If your fatigue arrived alongside a stressful period, rhodiola is your friend. See the stress & mood guide for dosing detail. Morning only — never after lunch.

What's overhyped

• Energy drinks and pre-workouts as daily supplements — sugar and caffeine, not energy support.
• NAD precursors at retail dosing — interesting science, current retail products usually under-dosed.
• Adrenal supports with adrenal cortex extract — variable quality control, often unnecessary.
• 'Energy multivitamins' with B vitamins in food doses — usually fine but no better than a good B-complex.

Red flags

Sudden unexplained fatigue; fatigue with weight loss; fatigue with night sweats; fatigue with new bruising or bleeding; fatigue with shortness of breath at rest — all need a GP, not a supplement shelf.

Your Onelife shortcut

Educational, not medical. Persistent fatigue deserves a GP visit before extended supplement spending. Iron supplementation in particular should be guided by labs — too much iron is harmful. Always disclose supplements to your clinician.